1. Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwa sisitemu ya balkoni?
Sisitemu ya fotokoltaque ya balkoni yatangijwe nizuba ryinyanja igizwe na micro inverter, modul ya fotovoltaque, brackets, bateri ya lithium ninsinga nyinshi.
Mbere ya byose, micro inverter, ikunze kwitwa micro inverter, nigikoresho gito cyo guhindura DC-AC, gishobora gukora igenzura rya MPPT ryigenga kuri buri module ifotora. Ugereranije n’imigenzo gakondo ihindagurika, micro inverter irashobora kunoza imikorere muri rusange no gushushanya imiterere ya sisitemu yifotora, kandi irashobora kwirinda "ingaruka ngufi ngufi" ya fotora. Birashobora kuvugwa ko aribwo shingiro rya sisitemu ya balkoni yose.
Module ya Photovoltaque, izwi kandi nk'izuba, ni kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi. Ninkaho "guhindura imbaraga" ntoya ihame ryakazi ni uguhindura ingufu zumucyo mumashanyarazi. Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rumurikira kuri paneli ya fotora, urumuri rw'izuba ruhinduka muburyo bw'amashanyarazi dushobora gukoresha. Imirasire y'izuba yo mu nyanja ikoresha selile N-topcon ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura byinshi. Kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byinshi, izuba ryinyanja icyarimwe ryatangije urukurikirane rwizuba rworoshye.
Ububiko bwa batiri ya Litiyumu bubika cyane amashanyarazi arenze kandi ikayirekura nijoro cyangwa igihe bikenewe. Niba icyifuzo cyingufu zihutirwa atari kinini, guhuza moderi ya Photovoltaque + inverters nayo irashobora gukoreshwa.
Igikorwa nyamukuru cyibisobanuro ni ugushyigikira no gukosora modul ya fotokoltaque kugirango urebe neza ko ishobora kwakira urumuri rwizuba, bityo bikarushaho gukora neza sisitemu ya fotora.
Umugozi ufite inshingano zo kohereza amashanyarazi yakozwe na moderi ya Photovoltaque kuri micro-inverter, hanyuma igahinduka ingufu za AC na inverter hanyuma ikoherezwa mumashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, kugirango sisitemu yose ikorere hamwe kugirango izuba rigere kubyara amashanyarazi no gutanga amashanyarazi.
Ibi bice bifatanyiriza hamwe gukora sisitemu yo gufotora ya balkoni, iyemerera kugira uruhare mugukoresha ingufu zizuba mumwanya nka balkoni cyangwa amaterasi. Ibigize sisitemu biroroshye. Hifashishijwe ubuyobozi bwo kwishyiriraho, abantu basanzwe badafite uburambe barashobora kurangiza kwishyiriraho mugihe cyisaha 1.
2. Ni izihe nyungu za balkoni ya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque?
(I) Kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije
Sisitemu yo mu nyanja ya balkoni ya Photovoltaque ifite ibyiza byingenzi mu kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije. Ishingira cyane cyane ku mirasire y'izuba kugira ngo itange amashanyarazi, yirinda cyane kohereza imyuka ihumanya nka karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone na dioxyde de sulfure iterwa no gukoresha ingufu gakondo, kandi ikagera ku budahumanye. Byongeye kandi, ntabwo itanga urusaku rwibikoresho nkibikoresho bimwe na bimwe gakondo bitanga amashanyarazi mugihe ukora, bigatera umuryango utuje.
Muri iki gihe, ubuzima buke bwa karubone bwahindutse inzira, kandi buri muryango ufite inshingano zidashidikanywaho zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya. Sisitemu yo mu nyanja ya balkoni ya Photovoltaque irashobora gukoresha neza umwanya wa balkoni yumuryango kugirango ihindure ingufu zizuba mumashanyarazi kugirango ikoreshwe burimunsi, bigabanye neza umuryango gushingira kumashanyarazi gakondo, bifasha umuryango kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no gutanga umusanzu mu kurengera ibidukikije ku isi. Ni amahitamo meza kumiryango kwitoza ubuzima bwicyatsi na karubone nkeya.
(II) Icyerekezo cyubukungu
Urebye ibiciro byubukungu, sisitemu yizuba ya balkoni yizuba ya fotokoltaque nayo irashimishije cyane, kandi igiciro cyayo kiri hasi cyane ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gufotora ku isoko. Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, irashobora kuzana inyungu nyinshi mumuryango. Ku ruhande rumwe, irashobora kugabanya gushingira ku mikoreshereze y’amashanyarazi ya buri munsi y’umuriro w'amashanyarazi itanga amashanyarazi yonyine, bityo bikagera ku ntego yo kuzigama fagitire y'amashanyarazi.
Ku rundi ruhande, hari politiki y’ingoboka ijyanye n’ibice bimwe na bimwe bifasha kuzamura sisitemu ya fotora ya balkoni. Dufashe Ubudage nk'urugero, inkunga runaka izahabwa imiryango ishyiraho sisitemu yo gufotora ya balkoni. Kurugero, igiciro cyo kugura sisitemu isanzwe ya balkoni ya fotokoltaque ifite 800W ibice (2 400W modules) na micro-inverters ya 600W (kuzamura) hamwe nibikoresho byinshi ni amayero 800 (harimo kohereza na TVA). Nyuma yo gukuramo inkunga 200 yama euro, ikiguzi cya sisitemu yose ni 600 euro. Ikigereranyo cy’amashanyarazi atuye mu Budage ni 0.3 euro / kWt, buri mwaka impuzandengo yumunsi izuba ryumunsi ni amasaha 3.5, naho impuzandengo yumuriro wa buri munsi ni 0.8kW3.5h70% (coefficient yuzuye) = 1.96kWh, ishobora kuzigama ikigereranyo y'amayero 214.62 mu fagitire y'amashanyarazi buri mwaka, kandi igihe cyo kwishyura ni 600 / 214.62 = imyaka 2.8. Birashobora kugaragara ko mu kuzigama fagitire y’amashanyarazi no kwishimira politiki y’inkunga, sisitemu yo gufotora ya balkoni irashobora kugarura ibiciro byayo mugihe runaka, ikerekana imikorere myiza yubukungu.
(III) Ibyiza byo gukoresha umwanya
Sisitemu yo mu nyanja izuba rya balkoni ifotora ifite inyungu zidasanzwe zo gukoresha ikirere. Irashobora gushyirwaho ubuhanga ahantu nka gariyamoshi, hatabayeho umwanya wimbere mu nzu, kandi nta ngaruka igira mubuzima busanzwe nibikorwa murugo. Cyane cyane kuri iyo miryango idafite uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho ibisenge, nta gushidikanya ko aribwo buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha ingufu z'izuba. Kurugero, abantu benshi batuye mumujyi ntibashobora gushyiraho sisitemu ya Photovoltaque hejuru yinzu yabo, ariko balkoni zabo bwite zirashobora guhinduka "umusingi muto" wo kubyara amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, bigatuma umwanya wa balkoni ukoreshwa neza kandi ugatanga ingufu zicyatsi kibisi mumwanya muto. .
(IV) Kuborohereza gukoresha
Sisitemu yo mu nyanja ya balcony yifotora iroroshye cyane kuyikoresha kandi ifite ibintu byinshi byoroshye. Mbere ya byose, ni plug-na-gukina kandi byoroshye kuyishyiraho. Nubwo abakoresha bisanzwe badafite ubuhanga bwamashanyarazi babigize umwuga, barashobora kurangiza imirimo yo kwishyiriraho bonyine mugihe bakoresheje amabwiriza yo kwishyiriraho. Kandi mubisanzwe ifata igishushanyo mbonera, gishobora kwagura byimazeyo ubushobozi bwa sisitemu no kongera cyangwa kugabanya umubare wamafoto ya fotovoltaque, inverters hamwe nububiko bwa batiri ya lithium ukurikije ingano nyayo ya balkoni hamwe n’umuryango ukenera amashanyarazi, ingengo yimari, nibindi.
Mubyongeyeho, biroroshye kandi cyane mubikorwa no kubungabunga, bishobora kugerwaho byoroshye hifashishijwe porogaramu za terefone igendanwa. Inyanja izuba ryatangije porogaramu ya terefone. Abakoresha bakeneye gusa kwinjira kuri konte yabo nijambobanga kugirango binjire. Kurupapuro rwibanze, barashobora kureba imikorere ya sisitemu, kubyara amashanyarazi, inyungu z’ibidukikije hamwe nandi makuru, bigatuma abakoresha gukurikirana, gusuzuma no kugenzura sisitemu ya fotokolta ya balkoni igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n'ahantu hose, gukiza impungenge n'imbaraga.
III. Porogaramu zitandukanye zo gukoresha sisitemu ya balkoni ya sisitemu
(I) Inzu isanzwe yo guturamo
Kuri bkoni yinyubako zisanzwe zituwe, sisitemu yizuba ya balkoni ya fotokoltaque ifite uruhare runini cyane. Kurugero, umuryango usanzwe uba muri etage ya gatatu yinyubako yamagorofa menshi. Ikibari cye gifite ubunini buciriritse, nuko ashyiraho sisitemu ya fotora ya balkoni. Sisitemu igizwe na modul nyinshi zifotora zashyizwe hejuru ya balkoni. Nyuma yuburyo bushyize mu gaciro no kwishyiriraho, ntabwo bituma gusa balkoni isa nabi kandi yuzuye, ariko itera ibyiyumvo byoroshye kandi bigezweho. Uhereye kure, ni nko kongeramo "imitako" idasanzwe kuri bkoni.
(II) Villas hamwe nandi mazu yo hejuru
Kuri villa hamwe n’amazu yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, sisitemu yo mu nyanja ya balkoni ya Photovoltaque nayo ifite ibintu bitandukanye byo gukoresha. Irashobora kuboneka kuri bkoni, amaterasi, mu gikari ndetse no mu busitani bwa villa. Fata balkoni ya villa nkurugero. Ba nyirubwite bamwe bubatse icyumba cyizuba gifotora, gihuza amashanyarazi, imyidagaduro nimyidagaduro. Ku manywa, izuba rirasira mu kirahure cy'icyumba cy'izuba gifotora hejuru y'ibice bifotora, bikabyara amashanyarazi ubudahwema. Mugihe amashanyarazi yo murugo akeneye, amashanyarazi arenze arashobora kandi guhuzwa numuyoboro wamashanyarazi kugirango ubone amafaranga. Nimugoroba cyangwa igihe cyo kwidagadura, aha hantu hahinduka ahantu heza umuryango wiruhukira no kuruhukira. Shira ameza n'intebe, kora inkono y'icyayi, kandi wishimire ibyiza nyaburanga hanze.
Mu bihe bitandukanye, sisitemu ya Photovoltaque ifite imirimo itandukanye. Kurugero, mu cyi, irashobora guhagarika izuba, ikabuza izuba kumurika mucyumba kandi bigatuma ubushyuhe buba hejuru cyane, kandi bikagira uruhare mukwirinda ubushyuhe; mu gihe cy'itumba, niba villa ifite pisine, amashanyarazi atangwa na sisitemu ya Photovoltaque irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gushyushya amazi ya pisine, kongera igihe cyo koga, no guhindura ubuzima bwiza. Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque yashyizwe mu gikari cyangwa mu busitani irashobora kandi gucecekesha amashanyarazi icyatsi kumuryango bitagize ingaruka ku isura, bigatuma agace ka villa kuzuye kurengera ibidukikije n’ikoranabuhanga.
(III) Ahantu ho gutura
Bitewe n'umwanya muto ugaragara muri iyo nzu, ikoreshwa rya sisitemu yo mu nyanja ya balkoni ya fotokoltaque nayo irihariye. Nubwo abaturage benshi baba mu magorofa badafite ibisenge binini cyangwa ibibuga byo gushyiramo ibikoresho bifotora, balkoni zabo zahindutse "isi nto" yo gukoresha ingufu z'izuba kugirango zitange amashanyarazi. Kurugero, mu magorofa maremare mu mijyi imwe n'imwe, abaturage bamwe bashyizeho sisitemu ntoya ifotora amashanyarazi kuri gari ya moshi kuruhande rumwe rwa balkoni. Nubwo igipimo cyacyo kitari kinini nka villa cyangwa amazu asanzwe, irashobora kugira uruhare runini.
Irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi mugihe hari urumuri rwizuba ruhagije kumanywa kugirango ihuze bimwe mubikenerwa nabaturage nkibiro bya mudasobwa hamwe no gucana amatara kumeza. Igihe kirenze, irashobora kandi kuzigama umuryango amafaranga yakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, iyi sisitemu ntoya ya balkoni ya fotovoltaque iroroshye kuyishyiraho kandi ntabwo izahindura imiterere yumwanya wambere hamwe nimiterere yinzu. Irashobora kandi kwemerera abaturage kugira uruhare mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu z’icyatsi ahantu hatuwe, bagakora igitekerezo cyo kuzigama ingufu n’ubuzima bwangiza ibidukikije, kandi bakagira uruhare runini mu iterambere rya karuboni nkeya mu mujyi.
Umwanzuro
Imirasire y'izuba yo mu nyanja izuba ryifotora, nkicyatsi kibisi, cyoroshye kandi cyubukungu bwo gukoresha ingufu, kigenda cyinjira mubuzima bwimiryango myinshi.
Urebye ibihimbano, bigizwe ahanini na inverteri ya micro, modul ya fotovoltaque, bateri ya lithium, imirongo hamwe ninsinga, nibindi. Buri gice kigira uruhare runini kugirango sisitemu ishobora guhindura neza ingufu zizuba mumashanyarazi no kumenya itangwa. Ifite ibyiza bidasanzwe. Ntabwo ari ukuzigama ingufu gusa no kubungabunga ibidukikije, ahubwo ni n’umwanda udafite umwanda ndetse n’urusaku mu gihe cyo gukora, ufasha imiryango kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no gukora ubuzima buke bwa karubone. Urebye ibiciro byubukungu, nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, igiciro gishobora kugarurwa mugihe runaka uzigama fagitire y amashanyarazi kandi ukishimira politiki yinkunga. Kubijyanye no gukoresha umwanya, birashobora gushirwa mubushishozi kuri gari ya moshi, utiriwe ufata umwanya wimbere, bigatanga inzira nziza kumiryango idafite ibyumba byo gushiraho ibisenge kugirango ikoreshe ingufu zizuba. Nibyoroshye cyane gukoresha, byoroshye gushiraho kandi birashobora kwagura byoroshye ubushobozi bwa sisitemu, kandi birashobora kugera kubikorwa byoroshye no gucunga neza hifashishijwe porogaramu za terefone igendanwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2024