Mu gihe isi ihura n’ibikenewe byihutirwa kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ingufu z’icyatsi zabaye ikintu cy’ingenzi mu bihe biri imbere. Ingufu z'icyatsi, zizwi kandi nk'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa cyangwa zisukuye, bivuga ingufu zikomoka ku mutungo kamere wuzuza ibihe byabantu. Bitandukanye n’ibicanwa biva mu kirere bisohora imyanda yangiza kandi bigira uruhare mu bushyuhe bw’isi, ingufu z’icyatsi ntizifite umwanda kandi zigira ingaruka nke ku bidukikije.
Ocean Solar imaze imyaka myinshi ikora mu nganda zikomoka ku zuba. Muburyo butandukanye bwingufu zicyatsi nkumuyaga, hydroelectric, geothermal na biomass, ingufu zizuba zigaragara kubwinshi kandi butandukanye. Imirasire y'izuba (PV) yahinduye uburyo dufata no gukoresha ingufu z'izuba, bituma iboneka mumiturire, ubucuruzi ninganda kwisi yose. Iyi ngingo izatanga ishusho yimbitse yingufu zicyatsi, hibandwa cyane cyane kumajyambere, ibyiza, imbogamizi hamwe nigihe kizaza cyikoranabuhanga rya PV.
1. Ingufu zicyatsi niki?
1.1Ibisobanuro n'ibiranga nyamukuru:
Menyekanisha igitekerezo cyingufu zicyatsi, ushimangire kubiranga birambye, bishya kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. Sobanura uburyo ingufu z'icyatsi zishingiye kubikorwa bisanzwe nk'urumuri rw'izuba, umuyaga, amazi na biomaterial, bihora byuzuzwa.
Ubwoko bw'ingufu z'icyatsi:
Imirasire y'izuba
Gukoresha urumuri rw'izuba binyuze mumashanyarazi na sisitemu yumuriro.
Ingufu z'umuyaga
Gukoresha turbine kugirango ufate ingufu za kinetic ziva mumuyaga.
Amashanyarazi
Gukoresha imigezi y'amazi kugirango ubyare amashanyarazi, harimo ingomero nini na sisitemu ntoya.
Ingufu za geothermal
Gukoresha ubushyuhe munsi yubutaka kugirango ubyare amashanyarazi nubushyuhe.
Biomass na bioenergy
Guhindura ibintu kama (nkimyanda yubuhinzi) ingufu.
1.2 Inyungu zibidukikije nubukungu
Muganire ku kugabanuka kw'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kuzamura ikirere, no kuzamuka mu bukungu kuzanwa no gukoresha ingufu z'icyatsi. Muri byo, imirasire y'izuba igaragara cyane mu masoko y'ingufu z'icyatsi hamwe nibyiza byo kuba bihendutse kandi byoroshye kuyashyiraho. Imirasire y'izuba yo mu nyanja 590W-630W ikora neza cyane N-Topcon paneli niyo ihitamo ryiza kumashanyarazi.
MONO 580W-615W Ikirahure cya Bifacial MONO 620W-650W Ikirahuri cya kabiri
2. Gusobanukirwa byimbitse kumirasire y'izuba (PV)
Uburyo PV ikora:
Sobanura amahame ya siyansi inyuma ya panne ya PV, ihindura urumuri rw'izuba mumashanyarazi binyuze mumashanyarazi. Sobanura ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, cyane cyane silikoni, ikaba ari igice kinini cya semiconductor muri selile PV.
Ubwoko bwa paneli ya PV:
Monocrystalline silicon paneli: Azwiho gukora neza no kuramba, ariko muri rusange bihenze.
Polycrystalline panike ya silicon: Mubisanzwe birashoboka cyane, ariko bidakorwa neza.
Ibikoresho bito cyane: Ibiremereye kandi byoroshye, bikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye, ariko ntibikora neza kuruta silikoni ya silicon.
Imikorere ya tekinoroji ya PV niterambere:
Iterambere rihoraho mu ikoranabuhanga ryizuba, harimo kunoza imikorere yimikorere, tekinoroji ya kabiri, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera nka N-TopCon, HJT, na selile perovskite.
Inyanja Solar nayo ikomeje gushyira ahagaragara urutonde rwibicuruzwa bishya bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya Photovoltaque, nka: module module yoroheje, serivise nini ya voltage, N-topcon, nibindi.
3. Inyungu zingufu zizuba hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya PV
Ingaruka ku bidukikije: Vuga uburyo izuba ry’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba rishobora kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no guterwa n’ibicanwa biva mu kirere, bikagira uruhare mu kurwanya isi yose kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Kubona ingufu no kwigenga: Shimangira uburyo ingufu z'izuba zishobora gutanga ingufu mu bice bitari kuri gride, kugabanya ibiciro by'amashanyarazi, no guteza imbere ubwigenge bw'ingufu kuri banyiri amazu ndetse n'abaturage.
Inyungu mu bukungu: Sobanura amahirwe yo kubona akazi mu nganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, igabanuka ry'ibiciro ryazanywe n'umusemburo w'amashanyarazi mu gihe runaka, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka mu bukungu bwaho binyuze mu mishinga yo gushyiraho izuba.
Ubunini n'ubwuzuzanye: Sobanura uburyo sisitemu ya PV ishobora gupima kuva ahantu hatuwe hatuwe kugeza ku mirima minini y'izuba, bigatuma ingufu z'izuba zikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye.
4. Ibibazo byugarije ikoranabuhanga rya PV
Igihe gito nububiko bwingufu: Muganire kukibazo cyigihe cyizuba no gukenera ibisubizo byizewe byo kubika ingufu kugirango bitange ingufu muminsi yibicu cyangwa nijoro.
Igiciro cyambere cyo kwishyiriraho: Emera ko mugihe panne ya PV imaze kubahendutse, ishoramari ryambere mugushiraho no gushiraho riracyari inzitizi kubantu bamwe.
Ibibazo by’ibidukikije byo gukora PV no kuyijugunya: Shakisha ingaruka z’ibidukikije zo gukora panele ya PV, harimo gukuramo umutungo n’ibibazo bishobora guta imyanda nyuma yubuzima bwabo. Muganire ku buryo inganda zikora kugirango zigere ku buryo burambye bwo gutunganya no gukora.
Ocean Solar nayo ikomeje gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere, kandi vuba izatangiza urukurikirane rwa sisitemu ya micro PV kugirango ihuze amashanyarazi ingo zimwe na zimwe, ntabwo byoroshye kuyishyiraho gusa, ariko no gucomeka no gukina.
5. Umwanzuro: Umuhanda ujya ahazaza h'izuba
Photovoltaics ya Ocean Solar iteza imbere cyane ingufu ziterambere rirambye. Hamwe nibyiza byikoranabuhanga ryizuba no guhanga udushya, inyanja Solar ikomeje gutsinda imbogamizi zigezweho no guteza imbere cyane ingufu zicyatsi kibisi kwisi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2024